A Paradigm Shift in Osteoarthritis Management through Biomaterial Innovation and Regenerative Nutraceutical Science.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic degenerative joint disorder affecting millions worldwide and is a leading cause of disability among the elderly population. Despite significant advances in pharmacological management, currently available therapies primarily provide symptomatic relief without reversing cartilage degeneration or restoring joint architecture. Long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and diacerein-based formulations is frequently associated with gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, and cardiovascular adverse effects, highlighting the need for safer and more effective alternatives. Recent advances in biomaterial science have identified Natural Egg Shell Membrane (NESM) as a unique extracellular matrix-derived biomaterial containing multiple collagen types (I, III, V and X), elastin, hyaluronic acid, glycosaminoglycans, glucosamine, and biologically active peptides. Unlike isolated collagen supplements, NESM preserves the n...